小剂量腰俞穴麻醉加局部麻醉用于肛肠病手术509例临床观察

为观察小剂量腰俞穴麻醉加局部麻醉对肛肠科常规手术患者的麻醉效果及术后不良反应,观察施行小剂量腰俞穴麻醉成功后的509例肛肠病患者在行局部麻醉时的疼痛程度、麻醉完成后术中的疼痛程度,并分别进行评分。术中观察患者是否存在麻醉不良反应,术后观察患者发生尿潴留的情况。结果显示,509例患者在施行腰俞穴加局部麻醉过程中均达到了基本无痛,整个手术中完全无痛。21例患者行腰俞穴麻醉后出现轻微头晕,均未出现其他麻醉不良反应。术后有24例出现尿潴留,发生率为4．7％。结果表明,小剂量腰俞穴麻醉加局部麻醉既无单纯局部麻醉的疼痛,又无神经阻滞麻醉的不良反应,术后尿潴留发生率低,适于在肛肠科常规手术中应用。     

盆底失弛缓综合征患者肛管直肠动力学改变与便秘关系的研究

为探讨盆底失弛缓综合征患者肛管直肠动力学改变与便秘的关系,本研究采用多导单囊肛管直肠功能测定仪对30例盆底失弛缓综合征患者的肛管直肠压力、直肠感知阈值、直肠最大耐受量和肛管一直肠抑制阈值进行检测,并与正常人进行对比分析。结果显示,与正常人相比,盆底失弛缓综合征患者的肛管舒张压降低,肛管静息压、直肠静息压、肛管最大收缩_压、直肠感知阈值、直肠最大耐受量及肛管一直肠抑制阈值均增高,差异均有统计学意义,P〈0．05。结果表明,盆底失迟缓综合征患者的肛管直肠动力学改变可能是形成便秘的原因之一。     

帕瑞昔布钠与舒芬太尼在肛肠病术后镇痛的应用

为比较帕瑞昔布钠和舒芬太尼联合应用与单纯应用舒芬太尼在肛肠病术后的镇痛效果和不良反应,将肛肠病术后病人120例随机分为帕瑞昔布钠组和对照组各60例。手术结束时帕瑞昔布钠组静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg和舒芬太尼1．00pg／ml行静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）,12h后帕瑞昔布钠组再静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg;对照组单纯应用舒芬太尼1．50μg／ml行PCIA。观察两组病人术后2,4,6,12h和24h的疼痛强度（VAS评分）、镇痛的补救以及不良反应的发生率。结果显示,与对照组相比,帕瑞昔布钠组术后舒芬太尼用最减少,不良反应发生率降低,术后24h镇痛满意度明显提高（P〈0．05）,而两组12h和24h VAS评分无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结果表明,肛肠病术后静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠可减少术后舒芬太尼的用量,提高病人术后镇痛效果。     

The Diagnostic Value of Endoscopic Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Anorectal Malignant Melanoma: Report of a Case

A 74-year-old Japanese woman presented with a 3-month history of anal bleeding. Proctoscopy revealed an unusual polypoid lesion with focal pigmentation at the dentate line, which was histologically diagnosed as a malignant melanoma. Whole-body clinical and radiographic evaluations revealed no alternative primary source. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) showed well-delineated hypoechoic tumors invading the muscularis propria, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed regional lymphadenopathy. Following this evaluation, an abdominoperineal resection with regional lymphadenectomy was performed. The excised tumor was histologically confirmed to be malignant melanoma, and its depth and metastatic lymph nodes proved to have been accurately and precisely evaluated by the preoperative examinations. Thus, EUS and MRI are useful preoperative diagnostic tools for the tumor staging of primary anorectal malignant melanomas, as for other rectal tumors. Received: February 1, 2002 / Accepted: September 3, 2002 Reprint requests to: H. Sashiyama     

家兔阴茎皮肤感觉脊神经来源的电生理研究

目的:探讨家兔阴茎感觉神经来源。方法:健康成年雄性新西兰白兔12只,随机均分为两组:每组6只,A组在左侧脊神经上记录,B组在右侧脊神经上记录。对家兔阴茎施加不同大小的机械刺激,用神经单纤维记录技术,在同侧S1~S4脊神经上记录单纤维放电。结果:通过对家兔阴茎施加各种不同机械刺激,在同侧S2~S3脊神经上能记录到放电,S1、S4脊神经上未能记录到放电。左侧脊神经放电纤维数量分别为:S2:39.67±3.14,S3:21.00±2.19;右侧脊神经放电纤维数量分别为:S2:40.00±3.16,S3:19.67±2.58,左右侧差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:家兔阴茎皮肤感觉来源于S2~S3脊神经。     

生物反馈疗法治疗出口梗阻型便秘的临床观察

为观察生物反馈疗法治疗出口梗阻型便秘的疗效,对36例出口梗阻型便秘患者采用生物反馈疗法治疗,比较治疗前后便秘症状及肛门直肠压力的变化。结果显示,经生物反馈疗法治疗后：（1）治疗患者便秘临床症状的有效率为77．8％,治疗后大便性状、排便次数、伴随症状等有所改善;（2）肛管静息压、直肠感觉阈值、直肠最大耐受量、肛管直肠反射阈值降低（P〈0．05）。结果表明,生物反馈疗法治疗出口梗阻型便秘效果满意,是一种无创、简单有效的治疗手段。     

LASIK术后角膜损伤修复过程中干眼症的影响因素及防治

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术后干眼症较为普遍,严重影响患者术后舒适度和视觉质量。我们就准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术后角膜损伤修复对术后干眼症的影响因素进行综述,为临床相关研究提供一定的的参考依据。     

Diverting colostomy is an effective and reversible option for severe hemorrhagic radiation proctopathy

A total of 738 continual CRP patients were screened.After exclusion,14 patients in the colostomy group and 25 in the conservative group were included in the final analysis.Preoperative Hb was only 63 g/L±17.8 g/L in the colostomy group compared to 88.2 g/L±19.3 g/L(P<0.001)in the conservative group.All 14 patients in the former group achieved complete remission of bleeding,and the colostomy was successfully reversed in 13 of 14(93%),excepting one very old patient.The median duration of stoma was 16(range:9-53)mo.The Hb level increased gradually from 75 g/L at 3 mo,99 g/L at 6 mo,and 107 g/L at 9 mo to 111 g/L at 1 year and 117 g/L at 2 years after the stoma,but no bleeding cessation or significant increase in Hb levels was observed in the conservative group.Endoscopic telangiectasia and bleeding were greatly improved.Endoultrasound showed decreased vascularity,and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an increasing presarcal space and thickened rectal wall.Anorectal functions and quality of life were significantly improved after stoma reversal,when compared to those before stoma creation.CONCLUSION Diverting colostomy is a very effective method in the remission of refractory hemorrhagic CRP.Stoma can be reversed,and anorectal functions can be recovered after reversal.